The extruder is a widely used forming equipment in the rubber and plastic industry. Through the rotational pushing and extrusion of the screw, it plasticizes and melts rubber and plastic raw materials, then continuously extrudes them into products or semi-finished products with specific cross-sectional shapes. It can produce various products such as hoses, belts, cable sheaths, plastic pipes, and profiles. With the advantages of high forming efficiency, high product precision, and wide adaptability, it is a key equipment in the rubber and plastic processing industry chain.

The core working parts of the extruder are the screw and the barrel, and its working principle can be divided into three stages: feeding and plasticizing stage, melting and mixing stage, and extrusion forming stage. Firstly, rubber and plastic raw materials enter the barrel from the feeding port. Through the rotational pushing of the screw, under the action of the barrel heating device and screw shearing, they are gradually softened and melted to form a uniform melt. Then, the melt is continuously pushed to the machine head by the screw, and formed into products with set cross-sectional shapes (such as tubular, strip, sheet) through the mold (die) in the machine head. Finally, the final finished product is obtained through subsequent processes such as cooling, shaping, traction, and cutting. According to raw material characteristics and production needs, parameters such as screw rotation speed, barrel temperature, and head pressure of the extruder can be precisely adjusted to ensure the forming quality and dimensional accuracy of the product.

Extruders come in a variety of types to adapt to different scenario needs. According to the number of screws, they can be divided into single-screw extruders, twin-screw extruders, and multi-screw extruders. Among them, single-screw extruders have a simple structure and convenient operation, suitable for extrusion forming of conventional raw materials; twin-screw extruders have better mixing effect and higher plasticizing efficiency, suitable for processing composite raw materials and modified raw materials. According to the purpose, they can be divided into rubber extruders, plastic extruders, cable extruders, etc., with targeted optimized structural design to meet the production needs of different products. At the same time, the extruder has continuous production capacity, which can realize large-scale mass production, greatly improve production efficiency, and reduce unit product cost.

With the technological upgrading of the rubber and plastic industry, extruders are constantly iterated and innovated. Modern extruders are integrated with intelligent designs, equipped with a PLC control system and a touch screen operation interface, which can realize precise regulation, real-time monitoring, and automatic operation of parameters, supporting the traceability and analysis of production data. The structure of the screw and barrel is optimized, and new alloy materials and surface treatment technologies are adopted to improve wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and plasticizing efficiency. At the same time, special extruders have been developed, such as precision extruders, foam extruders, and composite extruders, to meet the production needs of high-end products and functional products. Whether for large-scale production of traditional rubber and plastic products or R&D and application of new functional materials, the extruder has become an indispensable core equipment in the rubber and plastic industry with its multi-functional and high-efficiency characteristics, promoting the industry to develop in the direction of high-end and refinement.